Module 02. Instrumentation of Cardiovascular PET-Instrumentation and Cardiovascular PET (Slides)

Instrumentation and Cardiovascular PET (Slides)

Pdf Summary

Part 2 of the document focuses on the instrumentation of cardiovascular PET. The module discusses the various components of a PET scanner and their functions, including coincidence imaging, PET scanner design, PET detectors, and scanner rings. It also differentiates between dedicated PET scanners and hybrid PET/CT scanners, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. <br /><br />The module goes on to discuss mechanical collimation in SPECT and electrical collimation in PET, and the issues of attenuation, scatter, and randoms that can affect PET imaging. It explains the principles behind coincidence detection in PET and the process of positron-electron annihilation. It also mentions physical factors that can degrade PET imaging, such as compton scatter and randoms.<br /><br />The module then delves into PET scanner design, describing the various components such as scintillation elements, photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), and common scintillation crystals. It explains how PET scanners acquire data in the form of sinograms, and discusses the difference between 2D and 3D PET scanners, highlighting their respective characteristics and advantages.<br /><br />Attenuation correction in PET is discussed, and the module compares PET attenuation to SPECT attenuation. It explains the need for attenuation correction in PET and mentions the two common methods used: transmission scanning with a rotating rod or CT. The module also touches on the role of CT in PET/CT imaging and the benefits and challenges of hybrid PET/CT scanners.<br /><br />Furthermore, the module provides an overview of advanced scanning techniques in PET, such as time-of-flight (TOF) and motion management. It explains the concept of TOF and its advantages in improving image localization and sensitivity. It also briefly discusses motion management techniques, including respiratory compensation and software alignment.<br /><br />Finally, the module outlines suggested quality control procedures for PET, including daily QC tests for operational performance and uniformity, as well as periodic testing for accuracy, scatter fraction, attenuation correction, image quality, and manufacturer-specific measurements. It emphasizes the importance of regular QC to ensure the reliability and accuracy of PET imaging.

Keywords

cardiovascular PET

PET scanner

coincidence imaging

PET detectors

dedicated PET scanners

hybrid PET/CT scanners

attenuation correction

sinograms

2D PET scanners

3D PET scanners